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| CD Marker Patterns in Neoplasms | ||
|---|---|---|
| CD Markers | Neoplasm | Notes |
| CD15+ CD30+ | Hodgkin Lymphoma (Reed-Sternberg) | Classic form; not in NLPHL |
| CD10+ CD19+ CD20+ | Follicular Lymphoma | BCL2 overexpression |
| CD5+ CD20+ CD23+ | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) | B-cell malignancy with aberrant CD5 |
| CD5+ CD20+ CD23– | Mantle Cell Lymphoma | t(11;14) cyclin D1 |
| CD19+ CD20+ variably CD10+/– | Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) | Most common NHL |
| CD19+ CD20+ CD5− CD10− | Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) | Often associated with chronic inflammation (e.g., H. pylori in MALT lymphoma) |
| CD10+ CD19+ TdT+ | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) | Common in children |
| CD13+ CD33+ MPO+ | Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | Myeloid lineage |
| CD11c+ CD25+ CD103+ | Hairy Cell Leukemia | TRAP stain+, dry tap |
| CD38+ CD138+ | Multiple Myeloma | Plasma cell neoplasm |
| CD20+ | Primary CNS Lymphoma | AIDS-defining; EBV-related |
| CD34 | Angiosarcoma, AML | Stem cell and endothelial marker |
| CD56 | Neuroendocrine tumors, NK/T-cell lymphomas | Neural cell adhesion molecule |
| CD138 | Plasma cell neoplasms | Plasma cell surface marker |
| Tumor Markers | ||
|---|---|---|
| Marker | Associated Tumors | Notes |
| AFP | Hepatocellular carcinoma, Yolk sac tumor | Also elevated in pregnancy and liver disease |
| CEA | Colorectal, Pancreatic, Gastric, Breast | Low specificity; monitoring recurrence |
| PSA | Prostate cancer | Can be elevated in BPH and prostatitis |
| CA-125 | Ovarian epithelial tumors | Used to monitor treatment response |
| CA 19-9 | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | Also elevated in biliary disease |
| CA 15-3 / CA 27-29 | Breast cancer | Monitors recurrence |
| hCG | Choriocarcinoma, Germ cell tumors | Also elevated in pregnancy |
| Calcitonin | Medullary thyroid carcinoma | Marker of parafollicular (C-cell) origin |
| LDH | Testicular germ cell tumors, Lymphomas | Correlates with tumor burden |
| S-100 | Melanoma, Schwannoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis | Neural crest origin marker |
| Chromogranin A | Neuroendocrine tumors | Also elevated in pheochromocytoma |
| Bombesin | Neuroblastoma, Small cell lung cancer, Gastric cancer | Neuropeptide |
| Beta-2 microglobulin | Multiple myeloma, CLL | Prognostic marker |
| Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) | Neuroblastoma, Small cell lung cancer | Neuroendocrine differentiation |
| Thyroglobulin | Thyroid carcinoma | Monitoring recurrence post-thyroidectomy |
| Prolactin | Prolactinoma | Pituitary tumor; causes galactorrhea, amenorrhea |
| Vimentin | Sarcomas | Intermediate filament marker of mesenchymal origin |
| Desmin | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Intermediate filament in muscle cells |
| TTF-1 | Lung adenocarcinoma, Thyroid cancers | Nuclear transcription factor |
| CD117 (c-Kit) | GIST (Gastrointestinal stromal tumor) | Tyrosine kinase receptor |
| Myeloperoxidase (MPO) | Acute myeloid leukemia | Myeloid lineage-specific enzyme |
| CD1a | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | Also positive for S-100 and Birbeck granules |
| ALK | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, NSCLC | Tyrosine kinase fusion gene |
| BCL-2 | Follicular lymphoma, DLBCL | Anti-apoptotic protein |
| BRAF V600E | Melanoma, Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Hairy cell leukemia | Oncogenic mutation |
| c-MYC | Burkitt lymphoma | t(8;14), transcription factor |
| Cyclin D1 | Mantle cell lymphoma | t(11;14), promotes G1/S transition |
| CD30 | Hodgkin lymphoma, Embryonal carcinoma | TNF receptor superfamily |
| CD99 | Ewing sarcoma | MIC2 gene product |
| E-cadherin (loss) | Lobular breast carcinoma | Loss promotes invasion |
| ER/PR | Breast cancer | Hormone receptor status guides therapy |
| HER2/neu (ERBB2) | Breast cancer | Targetable tyrosine kinase receptor |
| HMB-45 | Melanoma | Melanosome marker |
| Inhibin | Granulosa cell tumor | Ovarian sex cord stromal marker |
| Cytokeratin | Carcinomas | General epithelial marker |
| Melan-A | Melanoma | Melanocytic marker |
| Myogenin | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Muscle differentiation |
| Napsin A | Lung adenocarcinoma | Helps distinguish from squamous cell |
| p16 | HPV-related cancers | Overexpressed in cervical and oropharyngeal cancers |
| p53 | Various cancers | Tumor suppressor gene, often mutated |
| p63 | Squamous cell carcinoma | Distinguishes squamous histology |
| PLAP | Seminoma | Placental alkaline phosphatase |
| SMA | Leiomyosarcoma | Smooth muscle actin marker |
| Synaptophysin | Neuroendocrine tumors | Presynaptic vesicle protein |
| WT1 | Wilms tumor, Serous ovarian carcinoma | Transcription factor |
| Fibrinogen | Angiosarcoma | Vascular tumor marker |
| GFAP | Gliomas, Astrocytoma | Glial origin marker |
| PAX5 | B-cell lymphomas | B-cell lineage transcription factor |
| PAX8 | Renal, thyroid, Müllerian tumors | Lineage-specific transcription factor |
| SF-1 | Adrenocortical carcinoma | Steroidogenic factor-1 |
| SOX10 | Melanoma, Schwannoma | Transcription factor for neural crest cells |
| SALL4 | Germ cell tumors | Nuclear transcription factor |
| TLE1 | Synovial sarcoma | Transcriptional corepressor |
| TRAP | Hairy cell leukemia | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
| UBA1 | Histiocytic neoplasms | Ubiquitin-activating enzyme marker |
| DOG1 | GIST | Specific GIST marker |
| CD117 (KIT) | Seminoma, GIST | Tyrosine kinase receptor |
| Calretinin | Mesothelioma | Calcium-binding protein; also stains reactive mesothelial cells |
| Arginase-1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | More specific than HepPar-1 for hepatocyte origin |
| Ber-EP4 | Basal cell carcinoma | Distinguishes from squamous cell carcinoma (negative in SCC) |
| EMA | Carcinomas, Meningioma | Broad epithelial marker |
| Estrogen receptor (ER) | Breast cancer | Predictive for hormonal therapy |
| FOXA1 | Breast, prostate, urothelial cancers | Helps subtype hormone-driven tumors |
| GATA3 | Breast and urothelial carcinoma | Transcription factor, strong nuclear stain |
| HLA-DR | Histiocytic neoplasms, lymphomas | MHC class II marker |
| Ki-67 | All rapidly proliferating tumors | Proliferation index; higher = worse prognosis |
| MIB-1 | Same as Ki-67 | Monoclonal antibody clone for Ki-67 detection |
| NKX3.1 | Prostate cancer | High specificity for prostatic origin |
| Podoplanin (D2-40) | Mesothelioma, seminoma | Lymphatic endothelial marker |
| PSMA | Prostate cancer | More sensitive than PSA; imaging/targeting applications |
| SATB2 | Colorectal adenocarcinoma | Highly specific marker |
| SOX2 | Small cell carcinoma of lung | Neuroendocrine transcription factor |
| Survivin | Many cancers | Anti-apoptotic marker, poor prognosis |
| TFE3 | Renal cell carcinoma (Xp11), alveolar soft part sarcoma | Transcription factor rearrangement |
| TMPRSS2-ERG | Prostate cancer | Genomic fusion common in prostate tumors |
| WTAP | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | RNA-binding protein, prognostic value |
| YAP1 | Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, various sarcomas | Hippo pathway effector with oncogenic potential |