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| High-Yield Cytokines | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine | Source | Function | Disease Importance |
| IL-1 | Macrophages | Fever, Acute inflammation activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules nduces chemokine secretion |
Sepsis, autoimmune disorders |
| IL-2 | All T cells | Stimulates growth of: NK cells helper, cytotoxic, & regulatory T cells |
Immunotherapy (e.g. RCC, melanoma) |
| IL-6 | Macrophages Th cells |
Fever stimulates acute-phase protein production |
Rheumatoid arthritis Castleman disease |
| IL-8 | Macrophages | Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils | Acute inflammation Abscesses |
| IL-10 | Th2 cells | Anti-inflammatory decreases expression of MHC II & Th1 cytokines inhibits activated macrophages & dendritic cells |
Chronic infections Cancer evasion |
| IL-12 | Macrophages Dendritic cells |
Differentiation of CD4+ into Th1 cells activates NK cells |
TB, intracellular infections |
| TNF-α | Macrophages | Mediates septic shock, activates endothelium, recruits WBCs, vascular leak | Septic shock, IBD, RA |
| IFN-γ | Th1 cells, NK cells | Activates macrophages and Th1 cells; suppresses Th2 cells; antiviral and antitumor properties | TB, viral infections, CGD |
| IL-3 | T cells | Growth/differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (acts like GM-CSF) | Bone marrow stimulation |
| IL-4 | Th2 cells | Induces Th2 differentiation Class switching to IgE & IgG |
Allergy, Asthma, Parasitic infections |
| IL-5 | Th2 cells | Promotes growth/differentiation of eosinophils class switching to IgA |
Eosinophilia (e.g. parasitic infections, asthma) |
| TGF-β | Tregs Macrophages |
Anti-inflammatory,tissue remodeling, inhibits T-cell activation |
Cancer progression, Fibrosis, Immune regulation |